The “Dirty Thirties” (otherwise known as the Dust Bowl)

 

 

Lori Stephens

Smart Intermediate

Davenport Community Schools

Summer 2009

 

 

 

 

http://memory.loc.gov/pnp/fsa/8b38000/8b38200/8b38293t.gif

Abandoned farm in the dust bowl area of Oklahoma, April 1936.

 

 

 

The calamity of the 1930 Dust Bowl has been lost to most students of American history.  The chairman of the American National Red Cross told a national radio audience, “In all its experience of more than a thousand emergencies the Red Cross has never been confronted by a disaster of larger proportions.”

--  United States Department of Agriculture, Yearbook of Agriculture, 1931

     (Washington, 1931), 1, 194; New York Times, Jan. 23, 1931, p. 17.

 

As part of this unit, students will critically examine, respond to, and report on photographs and documents as historical evidence of the widespread effects of the 1930s Dust Bowl.

 

 

 

Overview/ Materials/Historical Background/LOC Resources/Standards/ Procedures/Evaluation/Rubric/Handouts/Extension

 

 

Overview                                                        Back to Navigation Bar

Objectives

Students will:

·        Use the Library of Congress to search and evaluate primary documents.

·        Develop research skills and strategies, especially keyword searches, for locating information on the World Wide Web.

 

Recommended time frame

3 Days

Grade level

7th Grade

Curriculum fit

Language Arts

Materials

Computer with Internet access

Dust Bowl Review Worksheet

Journal Rubric

 

 

Davenport Community School District Standards

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Language Arts Standard  (1.1a):

Students will apply reading, writing, and speaking skills to communicate effectively.

 

Language Arts Power Benchmark:

Students will be able to use a wide range of strategies to interpret, evaluate, and appreciate literary and informational texts.

 

Grade Level Benchmark:

Apply knowledge of text structures such as chronological order, cause and effect, compare and contrast, literary elements, and fact and opinion to support comprehension of a variety of text formats.

 

Procedures                                                     Back to Navigation Bar

 

Day One:

·        Hand out Dust Bowl Review Worksheet and begin completing.

·        Students will view videos and resources listed in Resource Table on the effects of the Dust Bowl.

·        Begin the Dust Bowl WebQuest and complete journal as instructed.

 

 

Day Two and Day Three:

·                                                                              Complete the Dust Bowl WebQuest and journal.

 

 

Evaluation                                                      Back to Navigation Bar

 

 

Students will complete the Dust Bowl Review Worksheet and turn it in with their completed journal.

 

Extension                                                      Back to Navigation Bar

 

N / A

 


Historical Background

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By the 1930s, many American farmers were in serious financial difficulty for a variety of reasons. Intensive farming had destroyed the protective cover of vegetation, and the hot dry summers began to turn the soil into dust. The drought began in 1930, and portions of 30 states experienced dry conditions. High winds in 1934 turned an area of some 50 million acres into a giant dust bowl.  The Dust Bowl (or the “Dirty Thirties”) estimates that over 7,000 people died from dust pneumonia and other dust-related deaths.  2.5 million were left homeless or were forced to migrate. 

 

This lesson is designed as an introduction to the Dust Bowl. Students will gain an understanding of everyday life before, during, and after the Dust Bowl.  Lives were changed, and people were forced to migrate to other regions in the United States to be able to support their family.   The quote below shows some of the medical problems from the Dust Bowl.

 

 

 

…The dust I had labored in all day began to show its effects on my system.  My head ached, my stomach was upset, and my lungs were oppressed and felt as if they must contain a ton of fine dirt….” http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/dustbowl/sfeature/eyewitness2.html


 

Primary Resources from the Library of Congress

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Image

Description

Citation

URL

 

 

 

Abandoned farm in the Dust Bowl area of Oklahoma, April 1936.

 

 

 

http://memory.loc.gov/pnp/fsa/8b38000/
8b38200/8b38293r.jpg

 

 

 

 

Video of dust storm and definition of what a dust storm is.

20 seconds

 

 

“Dust Bowl Storms 1930.” / Online Video / viewed July 30, 2009

 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmSTg6vEhCo

 

 

 

 

A segment from Discovery Channel's “Making of a Continent” about the Dust Bowl wind erosion of the 1930s.    2.54 minutes

 

 

 

“U.S. Dust Bowl of 1930s” / Online Video / viewed on July 30, 2009

 

 

 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x2CiDaUYr90

 

 

 

 

 

 

First-person account of what it felt like to be in an actual Dust Bowl.

1.10 minutes

 

 

“The Great Dust Storms: A Ken Burns Style Video” /  Online Video /     viewed on July 30, 2009

 

 

 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KEYb9xjAhHI

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Voices from the Dust Bowl: The Charles L. Todd and Robert Sonkin Migrant Worker Collection, 1940–1941.

 

Timothy Egan is the author of the book The Worst Hard Time: The Untold Story of Those Who Survived the Great American Dust Bowl. The book was awarded the National Book Award for nonfiction. 29.33 minutes

 

 

Collection is about migrant work camps in Central California during 1940 and 1941.    Viewed on July 30, 2009. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

National Public Radio interview with author about his novel detailing the 1930s Dust Bowl.  Fresh Air program aired on December 4, 2006.

 

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/afctshtml/tshome.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/
story.php?storyId=6576200

 

 

 

Dust Bowl WebQuest. Students are assigned the task of creating a journal for a fictional family who lived through the Dust Bowl.

 

 

 

 

http://www.milforded.org/schools/foran/acesare/wq

 

 

 

 

Dust Bowl Migration
Primary Source Set

Photographs of the Dust Bowl and Migrant Camps.

 

 

 

 

http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/
primarysourcesets/dust-bowl-migration/

 

 

 

 

The Grapes of Wrath:  Scrapbooks and Artifacts

 

 

http://memory.loc.gov/learn/lessons/01/grapes/index.html

 

 

 

 

 

Visions In the Dust:
A Child’s Perspective of the Dust Bowl

 

 

 

http://memory.loc.gov/learn/lessons/99/dust/intro.html

 

 

 

 

Dorothea Lange’s Migrant Mother Photograph Collection.

 

 

 

http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/128_migm.html

 

 


Rubric

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DUST BOWL JOURNAL

Name: ________________________

Teacher: 

Date : ___________________

Title of Work: ___________________

 

Criteria

Points

 

1

2

3

4

 

At least five journal entries

No entries.

One or two journal entries with no grammatical errors.

Two to four journal entries with no grammatical errors.

All five entries written in a clear and creative manner with no grammatical errors.

____

Creative and colorful cover for the journal including name, date, class, teacher’s name and title.

No cover.

A cover with limited information and little effort shown. 

Some creativity exhibited; most information is included.

High level of creativity exhibited with all information typed correctly.

____

 

 

 

 

.

 

Good use of Internet resources and guided questions.

No Internet resources are used in the creation of the journal entries.

Few Internet resources and guiding questions are used in the creation of the journal entries.

Most Internet resources used and guiding questions have been answered.

All Internet resources have been used and all guiding questions have been answered.

____

 

Dust Bowl Review Worksheet

 

No Dust Bowl Review Worksheet.

No more than 7 questions completed on Dust Bowl Review Worksheet.

No more than 10 questions completed on Dust Bowl Review Worksheet.

All questions completed on Dust Bowl Review Worksheet.

____

 

 

 

 

Total---->

____

Teacher Comments:

 


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http://www.milforded.org/schools/foran/acesare/wq/rubric.html


 

Handouts

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